Biomedical Engineering / LVDT Displacement Sensor
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LABORATORY 07 · BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

LVDT Displacement Sensor Linearity & Sensitivity for Chest Wall Expansion

Calibrate the differential secondary AC voltage output of a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) as a function of core displacement for physiological respiration monitoring. Explore interactive physiological instrumentation simulation, biomechanics, and biomedical engineering telemetry.

BIOINSTRUMENTATION · BIOSIGNALS · BIOMECHANICS · IMAGING

Your virtual biomedical engineering laboratory.

DEMODULATED OUTPUT VOLTAGE V_DC—
PHYSIOLOGICAL & TEST CELL TELEMETRY

Ready to sample with Core x = 3.0 mm.

3.0 mm
Transducer: Miniature medical LVDT (linear stroke ±10.0 mm)

Adjust Core x, then execute biomedical trial.

Biomedical engineering telemetry and physiological states are evaluated rigorously using 64-bit IEEE 754 precision. Residuals reflect ordinary least-squares regression across successive observations. Continuous data structures support high-fidelity biological and physiological modeling.

Biomedical assumptions and boundary condition limits

The linear sensitivity model applies within the linear stroke envelope (x ≤ 6.0 mm for the tested unit). Evaluated using a miniature medical LVDT (stroke ±10.0 mm) excited by 3.0 V RMS at 2.5 kHz carrier frequency. Phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation outputs filtered DC voltage calibrated from 1.0 mm to 6.0 mm displacement.

Biomedical apparatus & physiological sensors.

Miniature Medical LVDT Sensor Assembly

Provides primary excitation coil, twin differentially paired secondaries, and movable core.

Precision Non-Magnetic Micrometer Stage

Applies controlled axial core displacements with 1.0 μm mechanical positioning accuracy.

2.5 kHz Low-Distortion Sine Wave Carrier Generator

Supplies stable 3.00 V RMS sinusoidal primary excitation with < 0.1% distortion.

Phase-Sensitive Synchronous Demodulator & Filter

Converts differential AC carrier signal into rectified DC voltage with sign detection.

High-Precision 6.5-Digit Digital Multimeter

Measures demodulated DC output voltage V_dc with microvolt accuracy.

Non-Magnetic Aluminum Shielded Mounting Test Stand

Prevents external magnetic flux interference from distorting coil coupling.

FOLLOW THE METHOD

A reason behind every step.

Calibrate the differential secondary AC voltage output of a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) as a function of core displacement for physiological respiration monitoring. Standardized parameter settings: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 mm.

01

Mechanical and Magnetic Null Centering

Mount the LVDT into the micrometer stage and adjust the core position until secondary AC differential voltage reaches absolute minimum (null voltage < 2.0 mV).

02

Carrier Excitation Frequency Standardization

Set the carrier function generator to 2.500 kHz at 3.000 V RMS, verifying stable primary coil current.

03

Initial Displacement Increment Seating

Advance the micrometer spindle to displace the magnetic core by exactly 1.000 mm from the calibrated null position.

04

Demodulated Output Voltage Logging

Record the filtered DC output voltage V_dc on the 6.5-digit multimeter after allowing 5 seconds for filter settling.

05

Displacement Step Progression

Advance the micrometer stage in 1.000 mm increments through 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 mm, recording stabilized DC voltage at each step.

06

Sensitivity Regression and Linearity Verification

Plot demodulated DC voltage V_dc against displacement x, performing linear regression through zero to determine displacement sensitivity S_x.

YOUR NOTEBOOK · 0 OBSERVATIONS

Turn measurements into biomedical engineering insight.

See a complete example report ↗

Points are your recorded observations. The solid regression line validates LVDT Displacement Sensor mathematical scaling.

LINEAR REGRESSION FIT · y = mx + b
V_dc = S_x · x = 0.8500 · x
#Core Displacement x (mm)Demodulated Output Voltage V_dc (V)Core displacement x (mm)Demodulated output V_dc (V)Remove

No readings yet. Execute a biomedical trial and record it.

Calculate it yourself.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Explain what the biomedical metrics mean.

What does LVDT stand for in medical displacement instrumentation?

Why do LVDTs possess virtually infinite theoretical measurement resolution?

If core displacement is 4.0 mm and demodulated DC output is 3.4000 V, what is the sensitivity S_x?

Why is an AC carrier signal required to excite an LVDT rather than pure DC voltage?