Computer-Controlled Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Applies smooth, monotonic axial tensile displacement up to 600 kN with digital load cell resolution of 0.1 kN.
Civil Engineering / Steel Tensile Testing
FREE TO EXPLORELABORATORY 10 · CIVIL ENGINEERING
Uniaxial Tensile Testing of Structural Mild Steel Rebar (Young's Modulus & Yield)
Determine the engineering stress-strain curve, Young's modulus of elasticity (E), upper and lower yield strength (f_y), ultimate tensile strength (f_u), and percentage elongation of structural reinforcing steel according to ASTM A615 / ASTM E8. Explore interactive structural mechanics, materials simulation, and civil engineering telemetry.
STRUCTURAL MATERIALS · MECHANICS · GEOTECHNICAL · HYDRAULICS · HIGHWAYS · SURVEYING
Your virtual civil engineering laboratory.
TENSILE STRESS Σ—
CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE TELEMETRY
Ready to sample with Strain ε = 600.0 µε.
Adjust Strain ε, then execute civil engineering measurement.
Civil engineering telemetry is evaluated rigorously using 64-bit IEEE 754 precision. Residuals reflect ordinary least-squares regression across successive observations. Continuous data structures support high-fidelity structural mechanics and geotechnical continuum modeling.
Civil engineering assumptions and boundary condition limits
The civil engineering physical models apply within the specified calibrated operational window (200.0 to 1200.0 µε). Tested on standard No. 5 (16 mm diameter) Grade 60 deformed rebar (nominal area A_0 = 199 mm^2, gauge length L_0 = 200 mm). Linearized regression relates stress σ directly to microstrain ε with slope 0.2000 MPa/µε (E = 200.0 GPa).
Laboratory apparatus & testing equipment.
Hydraulic Wedge Grips with V-Jaws
High-grip serrated hardened alloy steel jaws clamping deformed rebar ends securely without slippage.
Electronic Clip-On Axial Extensometer
Precision dual-knife-edge LVDT extensometer with 50 mm gauge length measuring strain to 0.1 microstrain.
Digital Vernier Calliper & Micrometer
Measures core diameter, rib height, and gauge punch spacing with 0.01 mm precision.
Rebar Gauge Center-Punch Jig
Marks 200 mm gauge lengths for post-fracture plastic elongation measurements.
Transparent High-Impact Polycarbonate Blast Door
Encloses testing envelope against flying debris during ductile cup-and-cone fracture.
FOLLOW THE METHOD
A reason behind every step.
Determine the engineering stress-strain curve, Young's modulus of elasticity (E), upper and lower yield strength (f_y), ultimate tensile strength (f_u), and percentage elongation of structural reinforcing steel according to ASTM A615 / ASTM E8. Standardized parameter settings: 200.0, 400.0, 600.0, 800.0, 1000.0, 1200.0 µε.
01
Specimen Inspection & Gauge Marking
Inspect No. 5 (16 mm) rebar for surface defects; measure nominal diameter across ribs; mark 200 mm initial gauge length L_0 using center punch jig.
02
Cross-Sectional Area Determination
Weigh a 1000 mm length of rebar to compute mass per meter and determine nominal cross-sectional area A_0 according to ASTM A615.
03
UTM Clamping & Extensometer Mounting
Mount specimen into hydraulic wedge grips; ensure vertical coaxial alignment; clip electronic extensometer onto the central gauge section and zero software readings.
04
Monotonic Tensile Loading in Elastic Domain
Apply axial tension at a strain-controlled rate of 0.001 mm/mm/min; record simultaneous load P and strain ε across 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 µε.
05
Yield & Strain Hardening Progression
Continue loading through yield plateau; remove extensometer prior to necking to prevent sensor damage; record yield force P_y and ultimate force P_u.
06
Fracture Assembly & Ductility Characterization
Remove fractured bar halves; fit tightly together; measure final gauge length L_f to calculate percentage elongation and neck diameter d_f to determine reduction of area.
YOUR NOTEBOOK · 0 OBSERVATIONS
Turn measurements into civil engineering insight.
Points are your recorded observations. The solid regression line validates Steel Tensile Testing mathematical scaling.
LINEAR REGRESSION FIT · y = mx + b
σ = 0.2000 · ε (GPa · µε = MPa)
| # | Tensile Strain ε (µε) | Tensile Stress σ (MPa) | Tensile strain ε (µε) | Tensile stress σ (MPa) | Remove |
|---|
No readings yet. Execute a civil engineering trial and record it.
Calculate it yourself.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Explain what the civil engineering metrics mean.
The slope of the linear elastic region of an engineering stress-strain curve represents:
The standard nominal Young's modulus E for structural carbon steel is approximately:
The localized reduction in cross-sectional area that occurs just before tensile fracture is called:
In Grade 60 reinforcing steel (ASTM A615), the number '60' designates:
THEORY AND STRUCTURAL CONTEXT
Civil engineering background & physical principles.
Structural steel constitutes the tensile reinforcing backbone of modern reinforced and prestressed concrete infrastructure, providing ductility, energy absorption, and catastrophic collapse prevention. Standard specification ASTM A615 / ASTM E8 requires deformed reinforcing bars (rebars) to be tested in uniaxial tension on an automated Universal Testing Machine (UTM) to verify mechanical grade compliance. As uniaxial tensile force P increases on a coupon of initial gauge length L_0 and nominal cross-sectional area A_0, the bar responds through four classical behavioral regimes: (1) Linear elastic deformation governed by Hooke's law (σ = E · ε), where atomic iron bonds stretch reversibly; (2) Plastic yielding at yield strength f_y, characterized by the propagation of Lüders slip bands across the crystal lattice at nearly constant stress; (3) Strain hardening up to ultimate tensile strength f_u as dislocation tangles multiply and impede crystal slip; and (4) Localized necking followed by cup-and-cone shear ductile fracture. In this laboratory investigation, precision extensometers monitor strain in the linear elastic regime across microstrain levels from 200 to 1200 µε to calibrate Young's modulus E and evaluate Grade 60 (420 MPa) rebar properties.
σ = 0.2000 · ε (GPa · µε = MPa)
Tested on standard No. 5 (16 mm diameter) Grade 60 deformed rebar (nominal area A_0 = 199 mm^2, gauge length L_0 = 200 mm). Linearized regression relates stress σ directly to microstrain ε with slope 0.2000 MPa/µε (E = 200.0 GPa).