Statistics & Probability / Binomial & Hypergeometric Sampling
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LABORATORY 12 · STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

Bernoulli Process, Binomial Distribution, and Hypergeometric Sampling

Investigate discrete counting processes, evaluate Bernoulli trials, contrast Binomial sampling with replacement against Hypergeometric sampling without replacement, and extract the single-trial Bernoulli variance. Explore interactive statistical sampling, probability models, and empirical regression.

SAMPLE · INFER · CONVERGE

Your virtual statistics laboratory.

SCALED BINOMIAL VARIANCE VAR(X)/N—
SAMPLING TELEMETRY

Ready to sample with Factor k = 1.0.

1.0 factor
Fixed success probability p = 0.40

Adjust Factor k, then execute statistical trial.

Probabilistic samples are evaluated rigorously using 64-bit IEEE 754 precision. Residuals reflect ordinary least-squares regression across successive observations. Continuous data structures support high-fidelity empirical probability functions.

Statistical assumptions and distribution limits

Binomial models assume strict outcome independence, which fails in contagious or clustered event series. The empirical regression of cumulative variance against trial factor k confirms the theoretical single-trial variance m = 0.2400 with R² = 1.000000.

Statistical tools & sampling modules.

Bernoulli Trial Pseudo-Generator

Executes independent binary stochastic trials with user-calibrated success probability p using uniform thresholding.

Combinatorial Binomial Engine

Calculates exact binomial probabilities P(X = k) = (n choose k) p^k (1-p)^(n-k) via logarithmic gamma recursions.

Urn Finite Population Simulator

Simulates sampling without replacement from finite urn structures to model hypergeometric probabilities.

Sampling Variance Tracker

Computes running sample variances across trial batches to quantify the variance reduction factor (N - n)/(N - 1).

Poisson Limit Comparator

Overlays Poisson approximations when n is large and p is small to measure total variation distance.

Linear Variance Regression Unit

Fits linear models to observed variance scaling to extract the fundamental Bernoulli variance parameter p(1-p).

FOLLOW THE METHOD

A reason behind every step.

Investigate discrete counting processes, evaluate Bernoulli trials, contrast Binomial sampling with replacement against Hypergeometric sampling without replacement, and extract the single-trial Bernoulli variance. Standardized parameter settings: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 factor.

01

Configure Single-Trial Success Parameter

Set the target Bernoulli success probability to p = 0.40 on the digital parameter console and verify that theoretical single-trial variance equals p(1-p) = 0.40 · 0.60 = 0.240.

02

Execute Primary Binomial Simulation Batch

Run an ensemble of 10,000 independent binomial experiments with trial factor k = 1.0, logging empirical success frequencies across all trial runs.

03

Compare with Hypergeometric Urn Sampling

Activate the finite population urn mode with N_pop = 500 items (200 successes, 300 failures). Execute sampling without replacement and measure the variance reduction factor.

04

Verify Convergence of the Hypergeometric to Binomial

Increase population size N_pop while holding ratio p = M/N constant, observing that the finite population correction factor (N - n)/(N - 1) approaches 1.000.

05

Step Trial Count Scaling Factor Across k = 1 to 6

Increment the trial factor k across standardized steps k ∈ {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0}, recording the linear expansion of cumulative variance.

06

Perform Ordinary Least-Squares Parameter Estimation

Fit a linear regression line y = mx to the coordinate pairs (x = k, y = Var). Confirm that empirical slope m = 0.2400 precisely recovers the single-trial Bernoulli variance.

YOUR NOTEBOOK · 0 OBSERVATIONS

Turn measurements into empirical insight.

See a complete example report ↗

Points are your recorded observations. The solid regression line validates Binomial & Hypergeometric Sampling mathematical scaling.

LINEAR REGRESSION FIT · y = mx + b
y = 0.2400 · x
#Independent Trial Count Factor k (factor)Scaled Binomial Variance Var(X)/n (Var/n)Trial Scale Factor kCumulative Variance MetricRemove

No readings yet. Execute a statistical trial and record it.

Calculate it yourself.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Explain what the statistical metrics mean.

For n independent Bernoulli trials with p = 0.40, what is the single-trial Bernoulli variance Var(X_1)?

How does sampling without replacement from a finite population affect sampling variance compared to sampling with replacement?

According to the Law of Rare Events, the Binomial distribution converges to which distribution when n is large and p is small?

What is the maximum possible variance of a single Bernoulli random variable?